Training Animations http://www.leviton-lin.com/learning/animations.aspx
Learn to terminate Leviton
connectors with these quick and easy animated videos. Simply choose
your connector type and wiring configuration, and view our step-by-step
guides to correct termination.
Open Flash® Animations directly in your browser window, or download for offline viewing and use in classes or presentations.
Standard 4-Pair Wiring Color Codes
|
PAIR 1 |
T White/Blue |
*Caution |
|
R Blue or Blue/White |
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PAIR 2 |
T White/Orange |
|
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R Orange or Orange/White |
||
|
PAIR 3 |
T White/Green |
|
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R Green or Green/White |
||
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PAIR 4 |
T White/Brown |
|
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R Brown or Brown/White |
RJ-11 is Single-Line plug/jack
RJ-14 is Double-Line plug/jack
A Note About USOC Number Suffixes
RJ (Registered Jack) numbers end with a letter that indicates the wiring or mounting method:
"C" identifies a surface or flush-mounted jack.
"W" identifies a wall-mounted jack.
"X" identifies a complex multi-line or series type jack.
Satellite Technology Links:And, once you've figured out the geometry and the orbits of your satellites so that their coverage areas (or footprints) overlay the world, you have a satellite constellation, with coordinated coverage and control.
BASEBAND
BROADBAND |
| Router Platforms | |
|---|---|
| Cisco routers | http://puck.nether.net/cisco-nsp |
| Juniper routers | www.puck.nether.net/juniper-nsp |
| Riverstone routers | http://www.nmops.org |
| OS/2 | http://www.hethmon.com/isp.html |
| FreeBSD | http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources.html |
| Equipment & Services | |
| Buying/selling new/used equipment | ISP-Equipment list at http://isp-lists.isp-planet.com/isp-equipment/ |
| Want-ads | ISP-Services list at http://www.ispc.org/lists/ for ISP equipment and services |
| NOCs | |
| New NOC setup | inet-ops list at http://www.inet-ops.stealthgeeks.net. |
| NOC job postings | http://www.dice.com--job listing site with emphasis on tech jobs |
| Internet consulting | inet-consultants list at http://lists.stealthgeeks.net/ for job postings, consulting resources, etc. |
| Spam | |
| Prevention | spam-l list at http://www.claws-and-paws.com/spam-l/spam-l.html for spam prevention and discussion |
| Tools | spam tools list at http://www.abuse.net/spamtools.html for software tools that detect spam |
| net.admin.net-abuse.email net.admin.net-abuse.usenet |
usenet lists |
| General ISP Lists | |
| list@inet-access.net | Internet access topics |
| iap@listserv.nd.edu | Small-to-midsize Internet Access Providers |
| com-priv@lists.psi.com | Internet commercialization and privitization |
| Other | See http://www.isp-lists.com for many other topic-specific lists. |
| Networks Outside N. America | |
| APNIC: Asia Pacific NIC | http://lists.apnic.net/community/lists |
| European ISP coordination issues | http://www.ripe.net/ripe/mail-archives/eof-list |
The three basic technologies
needed for a telecommunication network: transmission, switching,
and signaling. (Circuit Switching [aka Telephone] or Packet Switching [aka Data or Converged Voice and Data]).
The Bell System
(AT&T) developed the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) in 1947
to
route and properly bill customer dialed long distance telephone calls. The NANP was established with a ten-digit
dialing pattern that uniquely identified the basic geographic location
of each end user. This plan created a
hierarchical switching arrangement to assure that a telephone call
would
not “switch” more than ten times.
The
original NANP format had different formats for the two codes used in a
NANP number. Electro-mechanical switch
decisions relied on the two codes being different.
Subsequent
redefinitions of the NANP have resulted in the format of these two
codes being exactly the same.
Decimal digits 0
through 9 are used for NANP numbers. After
the development of Dual Tone Multi-frequency (DTMF), the characters #
and * were added to non-rotary phones. These
characters serve as network control characters. The
dial equivalent for the * is 1-1. There is
no dial equivalent for the # character.
· 1947 Original NANP
Format was N (0 or 1) X – NNX – XXXX
N
= digits 2 through 9
X
= digits 0 through 9
· 1975 NANP Format was
N (0 or 1) X – NXX – XXXX
· 1995 NANP
Format was NXX – NXX – XXXX
The format of the NANP is sometimes written as ABC-DEF-GHIJ. The 1975 format expanded capacity in the E digit resulting in more Central Office codes in each area code. The 1995 redefinition expanded capacity in the B digit resulting in 640 additional area codes.
Crossover and straight-through cables are used to connect switch ports or interfaces to network devices. Consult the table below to see when to use each of these cable types. Find the device in the left-hand column and match it up with another device in the top row. The intersection of these two devices gives you the cable type used to connect them together.
| Hub | Switch | Router | Workstation | |
| Hub | Crossover | Crossover | Straight | Straight |
| Switch | Crossover | Crossover | Straight | Straight |
| Router | Straight | Straight | Crossover | Crossover |
| Workstation | Straight | Straight | Crossover | Crossover |
Penguin Bowl Quizes for Geeks vs Nerds: Linux World 2002
www.startrek.com
Q: What is the first?
A: Energy can be changed from one form or another, but cannot be created or
destroyed.
Q: What prominent physicist turned 60 in early January?
A: Steven Hawking.
Q: Spell "Elite" in cracker (way of writing)
A: 31337
Q: What numeric signal corresponds with HUP?
A: 1 ("kill -1" same as "kill -HUP ")
* 2^(what?) = Number_Of_Subnets? ... If you want 8 subnets, that is 2^3 = 8.
So you add 3 bits to the classfull subnet mask.
2 subnets add 1 (2^1) subnet bit /25 126 nodes
4 subnets add 2 (2^2) subnet bits /26 62 nodes
8 subnets add 3 (2^3) subnet bits /27 30 nodes
16 subnets add 4 (2^4) subnet bits /28 14 nodes
32 subnets add 5 (2^5) subnet bits /29 6 nodes
64 subnets add 6 (2^6) subnet bits /30 (* 2 nodes [Point-Point links])
details on this
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subnetting Table
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
| | | | | |
192--| | | | | |
224-----| | | | |
240--------| | | |
248------------| | |
252---------------| |
254------------------|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Cisco (Access Lists) Inverse Mask - Easy Way!
The easy way to calculate the inverse mask when you already know
the normal mask is to subtract from all ones. The table that
follows shows an example. The normal mask is subtracted, column
by column, from the all-ones mask to determine the inverse mask.
| All Ones | 255 | 255 | 255 | 255 |
| Normal Mask | 255 | 255 | 240 | 0 |
| Inverse Mask | 0 | 0 | 15 | 255 |
| Q: | How much latency should I see on a circuit? What is considered normal? (source: http://www.nanog.org/listfaq.html) | ||||||||
| A: | As I'm sure everyone remembers from their high school
physics class, light travels through a vacuum at 299,792 km/sec (let's
round up to 300,000). When it travels through a medium that isn't a
vacuum, it moves more slowly, depending on that medium's index of
refraction. For example, water has a refractive index of 1.33, which
means light travels through water at 1 / 1.33 = 0.75c, or 75% of the
speed of light in a vacuum, about 225,000 km/sec.
Fiber works on a principal called "total internal refraction," which means that light is continually reflected into the core with little or no loss in the cladding. To accomplish this, a different material is used for the core and cladding. Since the cladding has a lower refractive index than the core, as long as the angle of incidence exceeds a critical angle, light will be reflected back into the core instead of escaping out the sides. The values of the refractive indexes used in current fiber are 1.46 for the cladding, and 1.48 for the core. This means that light propogates through fiber at approximately 0.67c, or 200,000 km/sec (or 125,000 miles/sec). By multiplying by 1ms, we find that every 200 km (or 125 miles) adds approximately 1 millisecond of one-way speed-of-light delay. Divide this by 2 to account for the round trip time (RTT) that ping/traceroute measures in, and you find that for every 100 km (or 62.5 miles), 1ms of RTT is added. As an example, to circle the earth at its widest point (the equator) would be a distance of 38,000 km. A perfectly straight fiber path along this distance would make it around and back again (2 x 38,000 km) in 380ms. If the value you calculate is lower than the observed value, remember that fiber paths are almost never straight, and are often composed of linked "rings" for redundancy. Real-world measurements seem to suggest that the following RTTs might be considered normal, and are probably not in and of themselves indicative of any congestion or performance problem:
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Bandwidth/Speed Related Page
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| Superuser | Permission | Owner | Group | Other | |
| setuid | Read | ||||
| setgid | Write | ||||
| stickybit | Execute | ||||
| Value | + | ||||
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